Defining and capturing data on the ownership and control of state-owned enterprises
Conclusion
SOEs form an important and growing part of the global economy, with networks that span many contexts. Transparency about how they are owned or controlled is crucial to understanding if they are being run for the benefit of the public; to identify corruption or reputational risks; and to meet the broader aims of beneficial ownership transparency reforms. It can be challenging to gain a full understanding of how SOEs are owned or controlled due to the complexity of their networks and connections, as well as their less common mechanisms of control. Governments and citizens can benefit from strengthening legislation relating to definitions and thresholds for ownership or control disclosures and require SOEs to publish timely, comprehensive and structured data, following the steps outlined in this guidance.