Beneficial Ownership Transparency Evidence Centre
About
The Beneficial Ownership Transparency (BOT) Evidence Centre is an impact-oriented resource curated by Open Ownership, that compiles publicly available studies and examples demonstrating the effect of BOT reforms.
It contains academic papers, policy briefings, case studies, investigative articles, and other resources whose findings rely on information from public sector beneficial ownership (BO) registers, or that document effective implementation practices that result in tangible outcomes (e.g. higher compliance rates or better data quality).
Please note we do not include evidence focused solely on proposals or legislative reforms. Nor do we include evidence solely based on leaks from non-official sources; or counterfactual examples that document the misuse of anonymously owned companies, or that result from BO information being unavailable.
The cases contained in this resource are non-comprehensive. Users may suggest corrections, or submit ideas for new entries or functionality improvements to [email protected]. For more information, please see tips on using this resource and our disclaimer.
The BOT Evidence Centre is a project of the Beneficial Ownership Evidence and Measurement (BEAM) programme.
The BOT Evidence Centre is updated on an ongoing basis. Last updated:
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Corporate tax surcharge on firms owned via secrecy jurisdictions drives beneficial ownership (BO) register compliance and reduces offshore ownership in Ecuador
Show records from 2025 Show records from Ecuador Show records in Latin America and the Caribbean
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UK HM Revenue and Customs (HMRC) uses bulk beneficial ownership (BO) data to detect coordinated mini umbrella company (MUC) fraud through shared ownership patterns
Show records from 2024 Show records from United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland Show records in Europe and Central Asia
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Norway Tax Administration survey finds ownership data essential across government functions but access inadequate for cross-border structures
Show records from 2024 Show records from Norway Show records in Europe and Central Asia
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Philippines beneficial ownership data exposes single individual behind 103 shell companies in PHP 50 billion VAT fraud
Show records from 2024 Show records from Philippines Show records in East Asia and the Pacific
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Denmark's tax authority uses beneficial ownership (BO) data application programming interface (API) to power fraud and tax evasion red-flagging tools
Show records from 2023 Show records from Denmark Show records in Europe and Central Asia
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Fishrot: An Icelandic fishing company disguises Namibian subsidiary control to obtain quotas through alleged bribery; ministers resign, criminal proceedings follow
Show records from 2023 Show records from Namibia Show records from Iceland Show records in Africa Show records in Europe and Central Asia
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Incomplete beneficial ownership (BO) disclosures in Ghana's mining sector limit accountability for companies failing to pay legally required royalties
Show records from 2022 Show records from Ghana Show records in Africa
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Nigeria's Mining Cadastre Office uses beneficial ownership (BO) data to screen licence applicants, reject bad actors, and more than double sector revenue
Show records from 2022 Show records from Nigeria Show records in Africa
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Research using beneficial ownership data finds that the implementation of automatic exchange of information for tax purposes drives capital into offshore real estate
Show records from 2022 Show records from United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland Show records in Europe and Central Asia
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Shell company structures make it nearly impossible to collect business rates from Oxford Street shopfronts in the UK
Show records from 2022 Show records from United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland Show records in Europe and Central Asia
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Nigeria's Mining Cadastre uses beneficial ownership (BO) data to catch fee evaders reapplying under new company names, more than doubling revenue
Show records from 2021 Show records from Nigeria Show records in Africa
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Analysis of EU agricultural and cohesion fund beneficiaries finds identifying ultimate owners effectively impossible without consistent beneficial ownership (BO) data
Show records from 2021 International